Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 16, Pages 4504-4512Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2020.2989774
Keywords
Optical fiber amplifiers; Erbium; Energy exchange; Optical pumping; Preforms; Atomic ratio; Amplified spontaneous emission; Energy-transfer efficiency; Erbium-Ytterbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers; Phosphorus; Space communications
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Erbium (Er)- and Ytterbium (Yb)-doped optical fibers (EYDFs) have been used in various industrial fields as the only technology suitable for >1 W high-power amplifiers in the 1550-nm band. The output power is mainly limited by unwanted 1-mu m band amplified spontaneous emissions from excited Yb3+; however, the factors affecting the output performance remain unclear. Here, we quantitatively and systematically reveal that the Phosphorus (P)-to-rare earth atomic ratio in the EYDFs has an optimal value for achieving the best output performance of EYDFs. We experimentally evaluated the quantitative relationship among co-dopants by fabricating preforms, drawing them as fibers, and measuring the amplification characteristics. At an appropriate Er concentration (0.3-0.5 wt%), a pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 45.4% was obtained when the P/(Yb + Er) atomic ratio was around 25. This study paves the way for energy saving in high-power applications, such as high-speed optical wireless communication and long-distance optical ranging.
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