Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 108, Issue 4, Pages 1117-1127Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0420-573R
Keywords
autoinflammatory diseases; caspase-1; infection; inflammasome; innate immunity
Categories
Funding
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID/CEPID/FAPESP)
- Training in Tropical Diseases/World Health Organization (TDR/WHO)
- INCTV/CNPq
- FAPESP [2013/08216-2, 2014/04684-4, 2018/14398-0, 2019/11342-6]
- FAEPA (FundacAo de Apoio a Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistencia do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de RibeirAo Preto da Universidade de SAo Paulo
- FAPESP
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Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that sense microbial infections or host cell damage, triggering cytokine production and a proinflammatory form of cell death, called pyroptosis. Whereas pyroptosis and cytokine production may often promote host resistance to infections, uncontrolled inflammasome activation leads to autoinflammatory diseases in humans. Among the multiple inflammasomes described, the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein/nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein family caspase activation and recruitment domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome emerged as a critical component for the restriction of bacterial infections. Accordingly, our understanding of this inflammasome advanced remarkably over the last 10 yr, expanding our knowledge about ligand-receptor interaction; cryo-EM structure; and downstream effectors and substrates, such as gasdermin-D, caspase-1, caspase-8, and caspase-7. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the biology of the NLRC4 inflammasome, in terms of structure and activation mechanisms, importance in bacterial and nonbacterial diseases, and the identification of NLRC4 gain-of-function mutations leading to NLRC4-associated autoinflammatory diseases in humans.
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