Journal
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
Volume 586, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124831
Keywords
Variable permeability; Physical barrier; Seawater intrusion; Nitrate contamination; Unconfined aquifer
Funding
- key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China [41731280]
- key project of Joint Foundation of NSFC-Shandong [U1806210]
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Seawater intrusion (SI) is an increased threat to the groundwater resource in coastal regions. The cut-off wall is widely used to arrest the advance of a seawater wedge, but it is likely to cause groundwater contamination in landward aquifers. In order to alleviate the contamination problem, we proposed a new variable-permeability cut-off wall (VPFW) with a semi-permeable section at the bottom of the physical barrier. This study is the first to investigate the spatial distributions and transient behaviors of SI and nitrate pollution at field scale under the joint effects of physical barriers and denitrification. Results show the dissolved oxygen (DO) decreases almost synchronously with the intrusion of SW near the sea boundary, and the denitrification of NO3- and retreat of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) wedge occurred in the inland aquifer. Notably, the freshwater discharge flux and nitrate discharge flux for the developed VPFW increase by 35% and 20%, respectively, while the enrichment ratio of specific volume of nitrate contamination zone (SVNR) went down by 15% on average compared with the traditional cut-off wall. Four indices were proposed to quantify the impervious barrier: heights (H), relative hydraulic conductivities (K*), and control effectiveness of SI and nitrate pollution. Moreover, we found the control effectiveness for SI and nitrate pollution was continually enhanced with the reduction of K* and increase of H; however, excessive reduction and increase may result in the opposite impacts. The optimal K* and H for the VPFW can be determined with the required value of the reduction rate of saltwater wedge length (SWR) and SVNR; but all cut-off wall cases fail to meet the demand. The results show that the VPFW is much more effective in controlling SI and nitrate pollution in comparison with the traditional cut-off wall.
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