Journal
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
Volume 43, Issue 9, Pages 963-970Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13211
Keywords
Group CStreptococcus dysgalactiae; immune responses; Streptococcus; vaccine
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 108-2313-B020-020, MOST 107-2313-B-020-012-MY3]
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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae(GCSD) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium and mostly non-beta-haemolytic with Lancefield group C antigen. GCSD infection has been identified in various vertebrates. From 2002 to the present, GCSD infection of fish has been reported to cause severe economic losses in aquaculture farms around the world. Moreover, GCSD isolates from teleosts have been identified in patients with ascending upper limb cellulitis. Therefore, the economic and clinical significance of GCSD has increased in aquaculture, livestock and human health. Many studies have been presented, from the first report of isolated GCSD in fish, to the pathogenesis, characterization, immune responses and vaccine development. In this review, we present the current knowledge of GCSD in teleosts.
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