Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
Volume 39, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01622-x
Keywords
Cancer genetics; Non-coding RNAs; microRNAs; miRNAs; Long-non coding RNAs; lncRNAs; ncRNA functions
Categories
Funding
- Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) Investigator Grant Small molecule-based targeting of lncRNAs 3D structure: a translational platform for treatment of multiple myeloma [21588]
- AIRC Special Program for Molecular Clinical Oncology-5 per mille 2010-15 and its Extension Program 2016-18 [9980]
- CARICAL foundation microRNA-based immunotherapeutic strategies for Multiple Myeloma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [16695]
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The discovery of the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the onset and progression of malignancies is a promising frontier of cancer genetics. It is clear that ncRNAs are candidates for therapeutic intervention, since they may act as biomarkers or key regulators of cancer gene network. Recently, profiling and sequencing of ncRNAs disclosed deep deregulation in human cancers mostly due to aberrant mechanisms of ncRNAs biogenesis, such as amplification, deletion, abnormal epigenetic or transcriptional regulation. Although dysregulated ncRNAs may promote hallmarks of cancer as oncogenes or antagonize them as tumor suppressors, the mechanisms behind these events remain to be clarified. The development of new bioinformatic tools as well as novel molecular technologies is a challenging opportunity to disclose the role of the dark matter of the genome. In this review, we focus on currently available platforms, computational analyses and experimental strategies to investigate ncRNAs in cancer. We highlight the differences among experimental approaches aimed to dissect miRNAs and lncRNAs, which are the most studied ncRNAs. These two classes indeed need different investigation taking into account their intrinsic characteristics, such as length, structures and also the interacting molecules. Finally, we discuss the relevance of ncRNAs in clinical practice by considering promises and challenges behind the bench to bedside translation.
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