Journal
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Volume 1625, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461295
Keywords
Capsule phase microextraction; Mixed-mode ion-exchange; Sol-gel; Acidic analytes; Basic analytes; Environmental samples
Funding
- Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad
- Agencia Estatal de Investigacion
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [CTQ2017-88548-P]
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) [2017PMF-PIPF-49]
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In addition to the diverse extraction techniques available, capsule phase microextraction (CPME), which uses a microextraction capsule (MEC), has recently been introduced as a sorptive-based sample preparation technique. In this study, two different MECs (MEC--C18/SAX and MEC-C18/SCX) based on mixed-mode ion-exchange technology were synthesized and evaluated for the selective extraction of a group of ionizable compounds, including acidic and basic analytes. A sulfonic acid was used as the cation-exchange group in MEC-C18/SCX, and a quaternary amine as the anion-exchange group in MEC--C18/SAX. The extraction parameters optimized were sample pH, elution solvent, sample/elution volume and extraction/elution time. The optimized CPME method followed by LC-MS/MS was used to determine the ionizable compounds in environmental water samples, including river water and effluent wastewater, with excellent selectivity and matrix effect values below -30% (except -33% for mephedrone) and apparent recovery results ranging from 40% to 69%, except for ibuprofen (< 35%) and atenolol (< 25%). The analytical method was validated for environmental water samples, and used in the analysis of several samples in which some of the target compounds were found at ng L-1 concentration levels. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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