Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 295, Issue 37, Pages 12910-12934Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.REV120.013930
Keywords
plus-stranded RNA virus; virology; coronavirus; innate immunity; viral replication; virus entry; endoplasmic reticulum (ER); virus; pathogenesis; RNA polymerase; cellular immune response; endoplasmic reticulum; SARS-CoV-2
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [CA136367]
- COVID-19 Excellence in Research Award from the Laboratory for Genomics Research
- American Cancer Society [131370-PF-17-245-01-MPC]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [PGSD3-5167872018]
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Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously associated primarily with the common cold. It has placed intense pressure on the collective scientific community to develop therapeutics and vaccines, whose engineering relies on a detailed understanding of coronavirus biology. Here, we present the molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies. We highlight aspects of the viral life cycle that may be amenable to antiviral targeting as well as key features of its biology that await discovery.
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