Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 68, Issue 29, Pages 7757-7764Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01943
Keywords
zearalenone; zearalenone-14-glucoside; zearalenone-14-sulfate; toxicokinetics; pig; weaning
Funding
- Horizon 2020 [H2020-MYCOKEY-GA 678781]
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Juveniles are considered as one of the most vulnerable population groups concerning mycotoxins and their modified forms. The weaning stage is a particularly vulnerable period in the life of mammals, reflected in intestinal and immune dysfunction. The current study investigated the toxicokinetic (TK) characteristics of zearalenone (ZEN), zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN14G), and zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEN14S) in weaned (4-week-old) piglets, by means of oral and intravenous administration of equimolar doses, i.e., 331, 500, and 415 mu g/kg bodyweight, respectively. Plasma and urine were sampled pre- and post-administration and were quantitatively analyzed for ZEN, ZEN14G, ZEN14S, and in vivo metabolites by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Tailor-made TK models were elaborated to process data. A statistical comparison of the results was performed with TK data obtained in a previously reported study in pigs of 8 weeks of age. Additionally, porcine plasma protein binding was determined to support TK findings. The TK results for ZEN, ZEN14G, and ZEN14S, obtained in 4- and 8-week-old pigs, revealed significant age-related differences, based on differences in intestinal permeability, body fat content, gastrointestinal transit time, and biotransformation, with a special emphasis on an increased absorbed fraction of ZEN14G, i.e., 94 vs 61% in 4- compared to 8-weekold pigs. Since the growing pig has been reported to be a suitable pediatric animal model for humans concerning TK processes, these results may contribute to refine the risk assessment concerning modified ZEN forms in juvenile animals and humans.
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