The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial

Background: Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may be a time-efficient strategy that leads to similar or superior improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors when compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Our study investigated the effect of low-volume HIIT or MICT versus sham placebo-control (PLA) on central arterial stiffness, hemodynamic responses, and CVD risk factors in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Eligible participants were previously inactive adults with obesity and T2D. Individuals were randomly allocated to: i) HIIT (1 x 4 min cycling at 90% peak oxygen consumption [(V)over dotO(2peak)]); ii) MICT (45min of cycling at 60% VO2peak); or PLA. Training groups exercised thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Central arterial stiffness, hemodynamics and CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine changes following HIIT, MICT and PLA. Results: Thirty-five participants (age: 55.1 +/- 1.4 years, BMI: 36.1 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)) completed the study. A significant intervention effect was found for changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) (p = .03), which reduced with HIIT (-0.3 +/- 0.9 m/s) and MICT (-0.1 +/- 1.1 m/s) but increased with PLA (0.8 +/- 1.6 m/s). There was a significant intervention effect for changes in (V)over dotO(2peak) (p < .01), glycosylated hemoglobin (p = .03), systolic blood pressure (p < .01), and waist circumference (p = .03), which all improved following MICT or HIIT but not PLA; there was no difference between MICT and HIIT. Conclusions: Twelve minutes of low-volume HIIT per week leads to improvements in central arterial stiffness and cardiovascular health in inactive individuals with obesity and T2D. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.