Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 147, Issue 12, Pages 3394-3403Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33173
Keywords
bladder cancer; epidemiology; risk factor; Western diet
Categories
Funding
- World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) [2012/590]
- European Commission [FP7-PEOPLE-618308]
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Little is known about the association of diet with risk of bladder cancer. This might be due to the fact that the majority of studies have focused on single food items, rather than dietary patterns, which may better capture any influence of diet on bladder cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the association between a measure of Western dietary pattern and bladder cancer risk. Associations between adherence to a Western dietary pattern and risk of developing bladder cancer were assessed by pooling data from 13 prospective cohort studies in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) study and applying Cox regression analysis. Dietary data from 580 768 study participants, including 3401 incident cases, and 577 367 noncases were analyzed. A direct and significant association was observed between higher adherence to a Western dietary pattern and risk of bladder cancer (hazard ratio (HR) comparing highest with lowest tertile scores: 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37, 1.72;P-trend = .001). This association was observed for men (HR comparing highest with lowest tertile scores: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.51, 1.96;P-trend = .001), but not women (P-het = .001). Results were consistent with HR above 1.00 after stratification on cancer subtypes (nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer). We found evidence that adherence to a Western dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer for men but not women.
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