A Triple-Objective Optimization Scheme Using Butterfly-Integrated ABC Algorithm for Design of Multilayer RAM

A triple-objective scheme with a novel enhanced artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is presented for fully optimized design of multilayer radar-absorbing material (MRAM). The exploitation ability of ABC is further enhanced by integrating with butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), denoted as butterfly-integrated ABC (BiABC). The performance of BiABC is well verified through three multiobjective benchmark functions. A triple-objective electromagnetic (EM) model is constituted, which involves the total reflection (TR), total thickness (TT), and number of layers (NL). Pareto optimality is employed to explore the global optimal designs within the three-dimensional objective space by simultaneously determining the design variables for synchronously minimizing the three objectives by assuring tradeoff among the objectives. The model is verified via a full-wave EM simulator. Five fully optimized broadband and broad-angle MRAMs (BBMs) operating at different frequency bands for 0 degrees - 75 degrees are then designed using an artificial material database, and thus, the proposed scheme is corroborated by comparing them with the state-of-the-art designs. Furthermore, a fully optimized BBM designed using a composite-based real material database is validated through a successful comparison. Therefore, the TT is reduced as 65% and the NL is decreased while the bandwidth is widened thanks to the proposed robust and versatile triple-objective scheme with BiABC.