Wintertime Airborne Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles in the High Arctic: A Hint to a Marine, Biogenic Source for Ice Nucleating Particles

Ice nucleating particles (INPs) affect the radiative properties of cold clouds. Knowledge concerning their concentration above ground level and their potential sources is scarce. Here we present the first highly temperature resolved ice nucleation spectra of airborne samples from an aircraft campaign during late winter in 2018. Most INP spectra featured low concentration levels (<3 center dot 10(-4) L(-1)at -15 degrees C). However, we also found INP concentrations of up to 1.8 center dot 10(-2) L(-1)at -15 degrees C and freezing onsets as high as -7.5 degrees C for samples mainly from the marine boundary layer. Shape and onset temperature of the ice nucleation spectra of those samples as well as heat sensitivity hint at biogenic INP. Colocated measurements additionally indicate a local marine influence rather than long-range transport. Our results suggest that even in late winter above 80 degrees N a local marine source for biogenic INP, which can efficiently nucleate ice at high temperatures, is present.