Journal
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Volume 159, Issue 3, Pages 849-863Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.077
Keywords
Liver Disease; Hepatic Disorders; Gut Permeability; Microbiome; Leaky Gut; Alcoholic Liver Disease; Nonalcoholic Liver Disease; Drug Induced Liver Injury; Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01AI136533, R01AI124680, R01AI096882, R01AI126890]
- Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/Office of the Director (ORIP/OD) [P51OD011132]
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Ruth L. Kirschtein National Research Service Award Individual Predoctoral Fellowship [F31AA024960]
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Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver and other organs. Physical, immunologic, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal, viral, and protozoal) features of the intestine separate its nearly 100 trillion microbes from the rest of the human body. Failure of any aspect of this barrier can result in translocation of microbes into the blood and sustained inflammatory response that promote liver injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and oncogenic transformation. Alterations in intestinal microbial populations or their functions can also affect health. We review the mechanisms that regulate intestinal permeability and how changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of acute and chronic liver diseases. We discuss individual components of the intestinal barrier and how these are disrupted during development of different liver diseases. Learning more about these processes will increase our understanding of the interactions among the liver, intestine, and its flora.
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