Journal
FUTURE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 12, Issue 13, Pages 1213-1225Publisher
Newlands Press Ltd
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0044
Keywords
chemokine receptors; drug binding; GPCRs; Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics; HIV; plerixafor
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01GM132572]
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Kansas
- National Science Foundation [ACI-1548562, TG-MCB180049]
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) [M2874, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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Background: Chemokine GPCRs play key roles in biology and medicine. Particularly, CXCR4 promotes cancer metastasis and facilitate HIV entry into host cells. Plerixafor (PLX) is a CXCR4 drug, but the pathway and binding site of PLX in CXCR4 remain unknown. Results & methodology: We have performed molecular docking and all-atom simulations using Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), which are consistent with previous mutation experiments, suggesting that PLX binds to the orthosteric site of CXCR4 as an antagonist. The GaMD simulations further revealed an intermediate allosteric binding site at the extracellular mouth of CXCR4. Conclusion: The newly identified allosteric site can be targeted for novel drug design targeting CXCR4 and other chemokine receptors.
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