Journal
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Volume 132, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109055
Keywords
Brassica by-products; Valorisation; Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity; Food ingredients; Ultra-high efficiency liquid chromatography; Glucoraphanin
Categories
Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)/MEC [FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019, UIDB/50006/2020]
- CIDETS of Viseu [PTDC/QEQ-QOR/6160/2014, UID/Multi/04016/2016]
- FEDER within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement
- FCT [SFRH/BD/103003/2014, CEECIND/00813/2017]
- Centro2020, through FEDER [CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001]
- PT2020
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/103003/2014] Funding Source: FCT
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Because of high water content, the valorisation of broccoli by-products requires dehydration that can preserve bioactive compounds. Blanching pre-treatment has been reported to improve the drying rate of broccoli. As a thermal treatment, it promotes also enzyme inactivation. Therefore, in this study, the impact of pre-dehydration blanching step, freeze-drying, air-drying at 40 degrees C, and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) dehydration on the levels of pigments, glucosinolates, and phenolics, was evaluated by UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. When compared to freeze-drying, a technique known to preserve compounds, a pre-blanching step increased the extractability of both pigments and phenolics, while air-drying only retained 49% of the pigments and 70% of phenolics, both without affecting glucosinolates. However, when air-drying was preceded by blanching, less than 50% of compounds were retained. On the other hand, MHG dehydration increased the phenolics extractability by 26%, particularly that of kaempferol derivatives while also retaining the amount of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin, when compared to freeze-drying. Nevertheless, only 23% of indole glucosinolates were recovered and pigments were severely reduced, with lutein accounting only for 32% and only chlorophyll b was observed in trace amounts after MHG dehydration. Therefore, to valorise broccoli by-products as ingredients, different drying technologies may be used when targeting different composition richness: freeze-drying is suitable for pigments and glucosinolates, air-drying is suitable for glucosinolates, while MHG promotes the extractability of phenolic compounds.
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