Hot water pretreatment-induced significant metabolite changes in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Hot water pretreatment of sea cucumbers potentially changes nutritional benefits. This study aimed to quantify hot water pretreatment-induced changes in metabolite profiles of sea cucumber body walls. ICP-OES, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses of untreated- (UT-BW), hot water-treated body walls (HW-BW) of Apostichopus japonicus, and the hot water extract (HW-E) determined significant losses of minerals (25-50% w/w), protein (similar to 11% w/w), carbohydrate (33% w/w), saponins (similar to 41% w/w), and spermidine (100%), a potential antipsychotic from hot water-treated samples. Multivariate comparisons of HW-BW with UT-BW and HW-BW with HW-E showed increases in amino acids and fatty acids, suggesting hot water-induced degradation or transformation or easier extraction of protein, lipid or other components. Presence of 80 to 88.5% of compounds in the HW-E and lower DHA, EPA and glycerophospholipids levels in HW-BW suggested extraction of these metabolites. These data indicate that novel processing technologies are required to preserve the full nutritional benefits of sea cucumbers.