Journal
DIABETES
Volume 69, Issue 11, Pages 2324-2339Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/db20-0489
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Funding
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi
- University of Milan [1280/2016]
- Professional Dietetics (Milan, Italy)
- Cariplo Foundation [2016-1006]
- Louis-Jeantet Foundation
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Reduced activation of energy metabolism increases adiposity in humans and other mammals. Thus, exploring dietary and molecular mechanisms able to improve energy metabolism is of paramount medical importance because such mechanisms can be leveraged as a therapy for obesity and related disorders. Here, we show that a designer protein-deprived diet enriched in free essential amino acids can1) promote the brown fat thermogenic program and fatty acid oxidation,2) stimulate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent respiration in subcutaneous white fat,3) change the gut microbiota composition, and4) prevent and reverse obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis in multiple mouse models, prolonging the healthy life span. These effects are independent of unbalanced amino acid ratio, energy consumption, and intestinal calorie absorption. A brown fat-specific activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 seems involved in the diet-induced beneficial effects, as also strengthened by in vitro experiments. Hence, our results suggest that brown and white fat may be targets of specific amino acids to control UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis, thereby contributing to the improvement of metabolic health.
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