Journal
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
Volume 119, Issue 8, Pages 921-930Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309281
Keywords
coculture techniques; mesenchymal stromal cells; myocytes, cardiac; receptors, CXCR4; stem cell factor
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 HL107110, R01 HL094849, R01 HL110737, R01 HL084275, 5UM HL113460]
- Starr Foundation
- Soffer Family Foundation
- DFG [SA 1374/1-3]
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Rationale: Culture-expanded cells originating from cardiac tissue that express the cell surface receptor cKit are undergoing clinical testing as a cell source for heart failure and congenital heart disease. Although accumulating data support that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance the efficacy of cardiac cKit(+) cells (CSCs), the underlying mechanism for this synergistic effect remains incompletely understood. Objective: To test the hypothesis that MSCs stimulate endogenous CSCs to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate via the SDF1/CXCR4 and stem cell factor/cKit pathways. Methods and Results: Using genetic lineage-tracing approaches, we show that in the postnatal murine heart, cKit+ cells proliferate, migrate, and form cardiomyocytes, but not endothelial cells. CSCs exhibit marked chemotactic and proliferative responses when cocultured with MSCs but not with cardiac stromal cells. Antagonism of the CXCR4 pathway with AMD3100 (an SDF1/CXCR4 antagonist) inhibited MSC-induced CSC chemotaxis but stimulated CSC cardiomyogenesis (P<0.0001). Furthermore, MSCs enhanced CSC proliferation via the stem cell factor/cKit and SDF1/CXCR4 pathways (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Together these findings show that MSCs exhibit profound, yet differential, effects on CSC migration, proliferation, and differentiation and suggest a mechanism underlying the improved cardiac regeneration associated with combination therapy using CSCs and MSCs. These findings have important therapeutic implications for cell-based therapy strategies that use mixtures of CSCs and MSCs.
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