Dendroclimatology of sugar maple (Acer saccharum): Climate-growth response in a late-successional species

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a shade-tolerant, late successional dominant species in the North American eastern deciduous forest. The objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between climate and radial growth in sugar maple and to identify spatial and temporal patterns in dendroclimatic response. We used a combination of archived sugar maple tree-ring chronologies and newly sampled sites to calculate dendroclimatic response of sugar maple at 13 sites in the United States and Canada. At all sites, sugar maple growth was significantly correlated to monthly temperature, precipitation, or Palmer Drought Severity Index. However, there were no generalizable patterns in sugar maple's growth response to climate. Individual sites had unique dendroclimatic responses with respect to: a) which climatic variables were correlated to radial growth; b) what months had significant correlations between climate and radial growth; and c) what years had significant correlations between climate and radial growth. The individualistic dendroclimatic response of sugar maple appears to reflect a plastic response of the species to changes in climate perhaps related to its status as a strong competitor in late-successional forests. This ability to survive a wide range of environmental conditions may bode well for the species persistence under variable future climatic conditions. It also points to the need for more research on late-successional species in examining forest response to potential climate change scenarios because these species may be more resilient than early-successional species.