Journal
CURRENT VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 176-192Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200616144512
Keywords
Placenta; obesity; gestational diabetes mellitus; vascular development; transport; metabolism
Funding
- CIHR/IHDCYH/SOGC Team Grant: Clinician-Investigator Teams in Obstetrics & Maternal-Fetal Medicine [MFM-146443]
- Western University (Dean's and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)
- Children's Health Research Institute
- Children's Health Foundation
- Women's Development Council
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Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus are increasing among pregnant women worldwide, and can lead to placenta-mediated obstetric complications that affect fetal growth and development, as well as metabolic and cardiovascular health in future generations.
Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.
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