A systematic review of audience response systems for teaching and learning in higher education: The student experience

Eight databases were used to locate research articles examining the use of audience response systems (ARS) for large group teaching in higher education settings which focussed upon the student experience. Qualitative and mixed methods articles were screened according to selection criteria. Of the twenty selected studies, an analysis of the papers helped identify six interconnected themes: 1) engagement 2) interaction 3) anonymity 4) questioning 5) instant feedback and 6) technological benefits and limitations. The themes reveal the complexity of student learning experiences using ARS which, when presented as a model, contributes to current understanding and offers a framework of pedagogical conditions to consider when designing and implementing learning experiences when using ARS.