Journal
CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 11, Pages 728-744Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.010
Keywords
Bone metastases; bone-modifying agents; bone-targeted radionuclides; palliative radiotherapy; surgery
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Bone is a common site of metastases in advanced cancers. The main symptom is pain, which increases morbidity and reduces quality of life. The treatment of bone metastases needs a multidisciplinary approach, with the main aim of relieving pain and improving quality of life. Apart from systemic anticancer therapy (hormonal therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy), there are several therapeutic options available to achieve palliation, including analgesics, surgery, local radiotherapy, bone-seeking radioisotopes and bone-modifying agents. Long-term use of non-steroidal analgesics and opiates is associated with significant sideeffects, and tachyphylaxis. Radiotherapy is effective mainly in localised disease sites. Bone-targeting radionuclides are useful in patients with multiple metastatic lesions. Bone-modifying agents are beneficial in reducing skeletal-related events. This overview focuses on the role of surgery, including minimally invasive treatments, conventional radiotherapy in spinal and non-spinal bone metastases, bone-targeting radionuclides and bone-modifying agents in achieving palliation. We present the clinical data and their associated toxicity. Recent advances are also discussed. (C) 2020 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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