Journal
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 73, Issue 11, Pages E3670-E3676Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa990
Keywords
Haemophilus influenzae; serotype a; invasive disease; surveillance; epidemiology
Categories
Funding
- Emerging Infections Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC-RFA-CK17-1701]
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The incidence of invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) increased significantly in the US from 2011 to 2015, with most cases presenting with meningitis and bacteremic pneumonia. The majority of patients required hospitalization, with some experiencing adverse clinical outcomes and even death during hospitalization, and potential long-term complications at discharge and one-year post-disease onset.
Background. Incidence of invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) increased an average of 13% annually from 2002 through 2015. We describe clinical characteristics and adverse clinical outcomes of US invasive Hia cases detected through multistate surveillance during 2011-2015. Methods. Medical record data were abstracted for cases reported in 8 jurisdictions conducting active population- and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive Hia disease across the United States. Isolates from sterile sites were serotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Adverse clinical outcomes were defined as any possible complication of meningitis, bacteremic pneumonia, or bacteremia (including hearing loss and developmental delay, but excluding death) and were assessed at hospital discharge and one-year post-disease onset. Results. During 2011-2015, 190 Hia cases were reported to the 8 participating sites; 169 (88.9%) had data abstracted. Many patients were aged <5 years (42.6%). Meningitis was the most common clinical presentation among those aged <1 year (71.4%); bacteremic pneumonia was the most common presentation among persons aged >= 50 years (78.7%). Overall, 95.9% of patients were hospitalized. Among those hospitalized, 47.5% were admitted to an intensive care unit and 6.2% died during hospitalization. At hospital discharge and one-year post-disease onset, adverse outcomes were identified in 17.7% and 17.8% of patients overall and in 43.9% and 48.5% of patients with meningitis (primarily children). Conclusions. Hia infection can cause severe disease that requires hospitalization and may also cause short- and long-term adverse clinical outcomes, especially among children. Novel vaccines could prevent morbidity and mortality.
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