Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 250, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126273
Keywords
Energy storage; Zn/air battery; Life cycle assessment; Environmental impact
Categories
Funding
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades AEI/FEDER/UE (Spain), EU Feder funds [ENE2016-79282-C5-5-R, CTQ2017-90659-REDT, MAT2015-65274-R]
- Fundacion Seneca (Spain), EU Feder funds [19882-GERM-15, 20985/PI/18]
- F. Seneca [19768/FPI/15]
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Metal/Air batteries are being developed and soon could become competitive with other battery technologies already in the market, such as Li-ion battery. The main problem to be addressed is the cyclability, although some progress has been recently achieved. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the manufacturing process of a Zn/Air battery is presented in this article, including raw extraction and process of materials and battery assembly at laboratory scale (cradle to gate approach). The results indicate that Zn/Air battery can be fabricated with low environmental impacts in most categories and only four deserve attention (still being low impacts), such as Human Toxicity (cancer and non-cancer), Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Resource Depletion (the later one depending mainly on Zn use, which is not a critical material, but has a strong impact on this category). Cathode fabrication arises as the sub-assembly with higher impacts, followed by membrane, then anode and finally electrolyte. An economic cost calculation indicates that if cyclability of Zn/Air batteries is achieved, they can become competitive with other technologies already in the market. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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