Journal
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Volume 111, Issue 1, Pages 31-38Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485320000231
Keywords
Aphid; EPG analyses; nonhost; plant resistance; probing; stylet pathway
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council [310190-APHIDHOST]
- James Hutton Institute
- University of Aberdeen through a Scottish Food Security Alliance (Crops) PhD studentship
- University of Dundee through a Scottish Food Security Alliance (Crops) PhD studentship
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Our study found that plant resistance to aphids in non-host interactions likely resides in different plant cell layers, as shown through physiological experiments and observations of aphid feeding and probing behavior.
Aphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause economic losses to crops globally. Whilst aphid interactions with susceptible plants and partially resistant genotypes have been well characterized, the interactions between aphids and non-host species are not well understood. Unravelling these non-host interactions can identify the mechanisms which contribute to plant resistance. Using contrasting aphid-host plant systems, including the broad host range pest Myzus persicae (host: Arabidopsis; poor-host: barley) and the cereal pest Rhopalosiphum padi (host: barley; non-host: Arabidopsis), we conducted a range of physiological experiments and compared aphid settling and probing behaviour on a host plant vs either a non-host or poor-host. In choice experiments, we observed that around 10% of aphids selected a non-host or poor-host plant species after 24 h. Using the Electrical Penetration Graph technique, we showed that feeding and probing behaviours differ during non-host and poor-host interactions when compared with a host interaction. In the Arabidopsis non-host interaction with the cereal pest R. padi aphids were unable to reach and feed on the phloem, with resistance likely residing in the mesophyll cell layer. In the barley poor-host interaction with M. persicae, resistance is likely phloem-based as phloem ingestion was reduced compared with the host interaction. Overall, our data suggest that plant resistance to aphids in non-host and poor-host interactions with these aphid species likely resides in different plant cell layers. Future work will take into account specific cell layers where resistances are based to dissect the underlying mechanisms and gain a better understanding of how we may improve crop resistance to aphids.
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