A High Performing Zn-Ion Battery Cathode Enabled by In Situ Transformation of V2O5Atomic Layers

Developing high capacity and stable cathodes is a key to successful commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). Pure layered V(2)O(5)has a high theoretical capacity (585 mAh g(-1)), but it suffers severe capacity decay. Pre-inserting cations into V(2)O(5)can substantially stabilize the performance, but at an expense of lowered capacity. Here we show that an atomic layer deposition derived V(2)O(5)can be an excellent ZIB cathode with high capacity and exceptional cycle stability at once. We report a rapid in situ on-site transformation of V(2)O(5)atomic layers into Zn3V2O7(OH)(2).2 H2O (ZVO) nanoflake clusters, also a known Zn-ion and proton intercalatable material. High concentration of reactive sites, strong bonding to the conductive substrate, nanosized thickness and binder-free composition facilitate ionic transport and promote the best utilization of the active material. We also provide new insights into the V2O5-dissolution mechanisms for different Zn-salt aqueous electrolytes and their implications to the cycle stability.