Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 59, Issue 44, Pages 19696-19701Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007146
Keywords
electrochemistry; metal-organic frameworks (MOFs); nanoparticles; nanopipettes; resistive pulse sensing
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Funding
- EPSRC Programme Grant - Crystallisation in the Real World consortium [EP/R018820/1]
- EPSRC [EP/R018820/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Achieving control over the size distribution of metal-organic-framework (MOF) nanoparticles is key to biomedical applications and seeding techniques. Electrochemical control over the nanoparticle synthesis of the MOF, HKUST-1, is achieved using a nanopipette injection method to locally mix Cu(2+)salt precursor and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC3-) ligand reagents, to form MOF nanocrystals, and collect and characterise them on a TEM grid. In situ analysis of the size and translocation frequency of HKUST-1 nanoparticles is demonstrated, using the nanopipette to detect resistive pulses as nanoparticles form. Complementary modelling of mass transport in the electric field, enables particle size to be estimated and explains the feasibility of particular reaction conditions, including inhibitory effects of excess BTC3-. These new methods should be applicable to a variety of MOFs, and scaling up synthesis possible via arrays of nanoscale reaction centres, for example using nanopore membranes.
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