Perioperative Temperature Monitoring

The esophagus and nasopharynx are usually the best temperature monitoring sites during general anesthesia. Alternatives suitable for neuraxial anesthesia and postoperative care include oral and axillary temperatures, along with zero-heat flux forehead temperature.

Automated summary

The esophagus and nasopharynx are ideal sites for temperature monitoring during general anesthesia, while alternatives for neuraxial anesthesia and postoperative care include oral and axillary temperatures, as well as zero-heat flux forehead temperature.