Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 415-423Publisher
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0169TR
Keywords
influenza; T cell; viral pneumonia; juvenile; age-dependent
Funding
- Gorter Family Foundation
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- David and Christine Cugell Fellowship
- U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [K08 HL143127, K08HL128867, R01HL149883, R01HL114800, U19AI135964]
- National Institutes of Health [P01HL071643, R01HL128194, P01GM0969971, P01AG049665]
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Respiratory infections from influenza A virus (IAV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in children relative to adults. T cells play a critical role in the host response to IAV by supporting the innate and humoral responses, mediating cytotoxic activity, and promoting recovery. There are age-dependent differences in the number, subsets, and localization of T cells, which impact the host response to pathogens. In this article, we first review how T cells recognize IAV and examine differences in the resting T-cell populations between juveniles and adults. Next, we describe how the juvenile CD4(+), CD8(+), and regulatory T-cell responses compare with those in adults and discuss the potential physiologic and clinical consequences of the differences. Finally, we explore the roles of two unconventional T-cell types in the juvenile response to influenza, natural-killer T cells and gamma delta T cells. A clear understanding of age-dependent differences in the T-cell response is essential to developing therapies to prevent or reverse the deleterious effects of IAV in children.
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