Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Applications in Biomedicine

Magnetic nanoparticles are currently the focus of investigation for a wide range of biomedical applications that fall into the categories of imaging, sensing, and therapeutics. A deep understanding of nanoparticle magnetization dynamics is fundamental to optimization and further development of these applications. Here, a summary of theoretical models of nanoparticle dynamics is presented, and computational nonequilibrium models are outlined, which currently represent the most sophisticated methods for modeling nanoparticle dynamics. Nanoparticle magnetization response is explored in depth; the effect of applied field amplitude, as well as nanoparticle size, on the resulting rotation mechanism and timescale is investigated. Two applications in biomedicine, magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia, are highlighted.

Automated summary

Magnetic nanoparticles are currently a focus of research in biomedical applications such as imaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Understanding nanoparticle magnetization dynamics is crucial for optimizing and further developing these applications. Both theoretical models and computational nonequilibrium models are utilized to study nanoparticle dynamics. The effect of field amplitude and nanoparticle size on magnetization response is explored, with a focus on applications in magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia in biomedicine.