Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 36, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003451
Keywords
bacterial cellulose; cartilage; hydrogel; polyvinyl alcohol
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA [89233218CNA000001]
- Sparta Biopharma
- Paul M. Gross Fellowship
- Marcus Hobbes Fellowship
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This article reports the first hydrogel with the strength and modulus of cartilage in both tension and compression, and the first to exhibit cartilage-equivalent tensile fatigue strength at 100 000 cycles. These properties are achieved by infiltrating a bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofiber network with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PAMPS) double network hydrogel. The BC provides tensile strength in a manner analogous to collagen in cartilage, while the PAMPS provides a fixed negative charge and osmotic restoring force similar to the role of aggrecan in cartilage. The hydrogel has the same aggregate modulus and permeability as cartilage, resulting in the same time-dependent deformation under confined compression. The hydrogel is not cytotoxic, has a coefficient of friction 45% lower than cartilage, and is 4.4 times more wear-resistant than a PVA hydrogel. The properties of this hydrogel make it an excellent candidate material for replacement of damaged cartilage.
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