Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 35, Pages 39098-39107Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09606
Keywords
electrochromic supercapacitor; transition-metal oxides; first-principles calculation; reaction kinetic analysis; charge storage mechanism
Funding
- Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology [18fksy0203, 19fksy08]
- Open research fund program of science and technology on aerospace chemical power laboratory [STACPL12018B05-1]
- Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA [BY1719120]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21975066, 21875061]
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Nickel oxide (NiO) is considered one of the most promising positive anode materials for electrochromic supercapacitors. Nevertheless, a detailed mechanism of the electrochromic and energy storage process has yet to be unraveled. In this research, the charge storage mechanism of a NiO electrochromic electrode was investigated by combining the in-depth experimental and theoretical analyses. Experimentally, a kinetic analysis of the Li-ion behavior based on the cyclic voltammetry curves reveals the major contribution of surface capacitance versus total capacity, providing fast reaction kinetics and a highly reversible electrochromic performance. Theoretically, our model uncovers that Li ions prefer to adsorb at fcc sites on the NiO(1 1 1) surface, then diffuse horizontally over the plane, and finally migrate in the bulk. More significantly, the calculated theoretical surface capacity (106 mA h g(-1)) accounts for about 77.4% of the total experimental capacity (137 mA h g(-1)), indicating that the surface storage process dominates the whole charge storage, which is in accordance with the experimental results. This work provides a fundamental understanding of transition-metal oxides for application in electrochromic supercapacitors and can also promote the exploration of novel electrode materials for high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors.
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