Journal
FOODS
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/foods9040491
Keywords
Chinese propolis; discrimination; geographic indicators; metabolomics; H-1 NMR
Categories
Funding
- Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP)
- special fundamental research funds for CAAS [1610072018005, 1610072019015, 1610072020002]
- National Key Research and Development Program [SQ2018YFE010015]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21577169, 21635006]
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The chemical profiles of propolis vary greatly due to the botanic sources and geographic origins, which limit its standardization for modern usages. Here, we proposed a reliable H-1 NMR-based metabolomic approach, to discriminate the function and quality of Chinese propolis. A total 63 Chinese propolis samples from different temperate regions were collected and extracted for NMR analysis. Twenty-one compositions in ethanol extracts were assigned based on characteristic chemical shifts and previous literature reports. Significant geographic indicators were identified after the PCA and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis of the obtained H-1 NMR data. It was found that the composition discriminations arose from long-term acclimation of the different climates of botanic origin and caused the differences in the biological activities. This study provides us a reasonable instruction for the quality control of Chinese propolis.
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