Journal
BLOOD
Volume 125, Issue 22, Pages 3491-3500Publisher
AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-612762
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute [CA49605]
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL075462]
- Dr Mildred Scheel Foundation for Cancer Research
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection Young Investigator Award
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Funding Source: Custom
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Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is driven by extensive activation and proliferation of alloreactive donorT cells causing significant morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a potent immunoregulatory T-cell subset in both humans and mice. Here, we explored the role of adoptively transferred third-party CD4(+) iNKT cells for protection from lethal GVHD in a murine model of allogeneic HCT across major histocompatibility barriers. We found that low numbers of CD4(+) iNKT cells from third-party mice resulted in a significant survival benefit with retained graft-versus-tumor effects. In vivo expansion of alloreactive T cells was diminished while displaying a T helper cell 2-biased phenotype. Notably, CD4(+) iNKT cells from third-party mice were as protective as CD4(+) iNKT cells from donor mice although third-party CD4(+) iNKT cells were rejected early after allogeneic HCT. Adoptive transfer of third-party CD4(+) iNKT cells resulted in a robust expansion of donor CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that were required for protection from lethal GVHD. However, in vivo depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells abrogated both Treg expansion and protection from lethal GVHD. Despite the fact that iNKT cells are a rare cell population, the almost unlimited third-party availability and feasibility of in vitro expansion provide the basis for clinical translation.
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