Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050620
Keywords
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris; 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone; antibiosis; Trichoderma; secondary metabolites; antibiofilm; Gram-negative bacterium; antibiotic resistance
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Funding
- MIURPON grant [Marea 03PE_00106, Linfa 03PE_00026_1]
- POR FESR CAMPANIA 2014/2020O.S. 1.1 grant [Bioagro 559]
- MISE CRESO Protection [F/050421/01-03/X32]
- PSR Veneto 2014/2020 Misura 16-Tipologia di intervento 16.1-Azione 2 Sostegno ai Progetti Operativi di Innovazione (POI) [3589659]
- PSR Campania 2014/2020 Misura 16-Tipologia di intervento 16.1-Azione 2 Sostegno ai Progetti Operativi di Innovazione (POI)-Progetto DI.O.N.IS.O. [C.U.P. B98H19005010009]
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Biofilm protects bacteria against the host's immune system and adverse environmental conditions. Several studies highlight the efficacy of lytic phages in the prevention and eradication of bacterial biofilms. In this study, the lytic activity of Xcc phi 1 (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris-specific phage) was evaluated in combination with 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (a secondary metabolite produced by Trichoderma atroviride P1) and the mineral hydroxyapatite. Then, the antibiofilm activity of this interaction, called a phi HA6PP complex, was investigated using confocal laser microscopy under static and dynamic conditions. Additionally, the mechanism used by the complex to modulate the genes (rpf, gumB, clp and manA) involved in the biofilm formation and stability was also studied. Our results demonstrated that Xcc phi 1, alone or in combination with 6PP and HA, interfered with the gene pathways involved in the formation of biofilm. This approach can be used as a model for other biofilm-producing bacteria.
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