Journal
CHILDS NERVOUS SYSTEM
Volume 32, Issue 8, Pages 1371-1386Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3143-x
Keywords
Noninvasive intracranial pressure; Optical coherence tomography; Optic nerve sheath diameter; Papilledema; Transcranial Doppler ultrasound; Visual evoked potentials
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Funding
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [TL1TR000138]
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The detection of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is of paramount importance in the diagnosis and management of a number of neurologic pathologies. The current gold standard is the use of intraventricular or intraparenchymal catheters; however, this is invasive, expensive, and requires anesthesia. On the other hand, diagnosing intracranial hypertension based on clinical symptoms such as headaches, vomiting, and visual changes lacks sensitivity. As such, there exists a need for a noninvasive yet accurate and reliable method for detecting elevated ICP. In this review, we aim to cover both structural modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ocular ultrasound, fundoscopy, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as well as functional modalities such as transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
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