Journal
MICROORGANISMS
Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040527
Keywords
gut microbiota; carbohydrates; lipids; amino acids; central nervous system; enteric nervous system; gut peptides; bile acids; short-chain fatty acids; microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis
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Funding
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- China Scholarship Council [201808430087]
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China [0223-0002-0002000-50]
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Gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining intestinal health and are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Recent studies have shown that the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) can interact with gut microbiota to regulate nutrient metabolism. The vagal nerve system communicates between the CNS and ENS to control gastrointestinal tract functions and feeding behavior. Vagal afferent neurons also express receptors for gut peptides that are secreted from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), such as cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, leptin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin). Gut microbiota can regulate levels of these gut peptides to influence the vagal afferent pathway and thus regulate intestinal metabolism via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) can also exert metabolic control through the microbiota-gut-liver axis. This review is mainly focused on the role of gut microbiota in neuroendocrine regulation of nutrient metabolism via the microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis.
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