Journal
BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000826
Keywords
nutrition; hypertension; endocrinology; adult diabetes
Categories
Funding
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI)
- Mary W Burke endowed chair of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
- Population Health Research Institute
- Hamilton Health Sciences Research Institute (HHSRI)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Strategy for Patient Oriented Research, through the Ontario SPOR Support Unit
- Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
- AstraZeneca (Canada)
- Sanofi-Aventis (France)
- Sanofi-Aventis (Canada)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada)
- Servier
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Dairy Farmers of Canada
- National Dairy Council (US)
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Champlain Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Network
- Chile: Universidad de la Frontera
- China: National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases
- China: ThinkTank Research Center for Health Development
- Colombia: Colciencias [6566-04-18062, 6517-777-58228]
- India: Indian Council of Medical Research
- Malaysia: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia [100-IRDC/BIOTEK 16/6/21 (13/2007), 07-05-IFN-BPH 010]
- Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia [600-RMI/LRGS/5/3 (2/2011)]
- Universiti Teknologi MARA
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [UKM-Hejim-Komuniti-15-2010]
- Poland: Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Wroclaw Medical University [290/W--PURE/2008/0]
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RG -1436-013]
- Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare
- King Gustaf V:s and Queen Victoria Freemason's Foundation
- AFA Insurance
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Objective Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study. Methods The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In thecross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). Forthe prospective analyses, we examined the association of dairy with incident hypertension (in 57 547 individuals free of hypertension) and diabetes (in 131 481 individuals free of diabetes). Results In cross-sectional analysis, higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day compared with zero intake; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.80, p-trend<0.0001) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS after multivariable adjustment. Higher intakes of whole fat dairy consumed alone (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78, p-trend<0.0001), or consumed jointly with low fat dairy (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.98, p-trend=0.0005), were associated with a lower MetS prevalence. Low fat dairy consumed alone was not associated with MetS (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.38, p-trend=0.13). In prospective analysis, 13 640 people with incident hypertension and 5351 people with incident diabetes were recorded. Higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day vs zero serving/day) was associated with a lower incidence of hypertension (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p-trend=0.02) and diabetes (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.02, p-trend=0.01). Directionally similar associations were found for whole fat dairy versus each outcome. Conclusions Higher intake of whole fat (but not low fat) dairy was associated with alower prevalenceof MetS and most of its component factors, and with alower incidenceof hypertension and diabetes. Our findings should be evaluated in large randomized trials of the effects of whole fat dairy on the risks of MetS, hypertension, and diabetes.
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