Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 6, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2441
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan [17H03007, 19H05389, 18H04512, 18H01837, 18K06109, 15H02391, 19H04959]
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Japan [JPMJPR15P2, JPMJPR1688]
- Louis and Lyra Richmond Memorial Chair in Life Sciences
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [17-04828S]
- Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research [PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0303]
- STAR-UBB Advanced Fellowship-Intern (Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania)
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [MSM200961801]
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Schizorhodopsins (SzRs), a rhodopsin family first identified in Asgard archaea, the archaeal group closest to eukaryotes, are present at a phylogenetically intermediate position between typical microbial rhodopsins and heliorhodopsins. However, the biological function and molecular properties of SzRs have not been reported. Here, SzRs from Asgardarchaeota and from a yet unknown microorganism are expressed in Escherichia coil and mammalian cells, and ion transport assays and patch clamp analyses are used to demonstrate SzR as a novel type of light-driven inward H+ pump. The mutation of a cyto-plasmic glutamate inhibited inward H+ transport, suggesting that it functions as a cytoplasmic H+ acceptor. The function, trimeric structure, and H+ transport mechanism of SzR are similar to that of xenorhodopsin (XeR), a light-driven inward H+ pumping microbial rhodopsins, implying that they evolved convergently. The inward H+ pump function of SzR provides new insight into the photobiological life cycle of the Asgardarchaeota.
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