Journal
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00297
Keywords
type 2 diabetes; adipose tissue; microbiome; obesity; metabolism
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Funding
- National Institute of Health (NIH) [R01 DK116008]
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Obesity is a complex disease attributable to many factors including genetics and environmental influences. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of obesity and other metabolic disorders. This article reviews the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of energy balance and the development of obesity, and how the microbiota communicates with host tissues, in particular adipose tissue. We discuss several external factors that interfere with the interplay between gut microbiota and host tissue metabolism, including cold exposure, diet regimens, and genetic manipulations. We also review the role of diet-derived metabolites that regulate thermogenesis and thus energy homeostasis. Among the gut microbial metabolites, we emphasize short-chain fatty acids, which could be utilized by the host as a direct energy source while regulating the appetite of the host through the gut-brain axis.
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