Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00701
Keywords
IFN-alpha; foot-and-mouth disease recombinant adenovirus vaccine; immune memory; memory Tfh cell; memory B cell
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31360600, 81560504, 31860695]
- Ningxia High School first-class Disciplines (West China first-class Disciplines Basic Medical Sciences at Ningxia Medical University) [NXYLXK2017B07]
- Research and Development Plan of the 13th Fiveyear Plan of Ningxia Autonomous Region [2016BZ02]
- Ningxia Innovation Team of the foundation and clinical researches of diabetes and its complications [NXKJT2019010]
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Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells regulate high-affinity antibody production. Some findings have indicated that Tfh cells could be differentiated into memory cells. Here we have investigated the effects of IFN-alpha, as an adjuvant, on the generation of memory Tfh cell and memory B cell responses. The data showed that adenoviral vectors expressing: (i) foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 proteins and porcine IFN-alpha, or (ii) porcine IFN-alpha alone, potently enhanced the generation of memory Tfh cells, especially the CCR7(lo) memory Tfh subset. Upon rechallenge with FMD recombinant adenoviral vaccines, IFN-alpha enhances Tfh cells activity, rapidly upregulating their signature Bcl-6, CXCR5, and IL-21 markers. The results suggest that IFN-alpha enhances the levels of the transcription factor Bcl-6 within Tfh cells, potentially by regulating STAT1. Additionally, IFN-alpha substantially increased the number of IgG1(+) and CD86(+) memory B cells, which are responsible for inducing the rapid effector functions of memory Tfh cells after vaccine reactivation, establishing the close relationship between memory B cell and memory Tfh cell subsets. In brief, IFN-alpha enhances the potency of FMD recombinant adenoviral vaccines to induce memory Tfh and memory B cell responses, thus elevating serum antibody titers. IFN-alpha administration therefore represents an attractive strategy for enhancing responses to vaccination.
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