4.8 Review

S100-Alarmins Are Essential Pilots of Postnatal Innate Immune Adaptation

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00688

Keywords

neonate; A9; systemic immunity; innate immunity; trained immunity; immune adaptation; inflammatory diseases

Categories

Funding

  1. Volkswagen Foundation [Az 90 005]
  2. Appenrodt Foundation
  3. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [VI 538/6-1]
  4. DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC 2155 RESIST, 39087428]

Ask authors/readers for more resources

The restricted capacity of newborn infants to mount inflammatory responses toward microbial challenges has traditionally been linked to the high risk of septic diseases during the neonatal period. In recent years, substantial evidence has been provided that this characteristic of the neonatal immune system is actually a meaningful physiologic state that is based on specific transiently active cellular and molecular mechanisms and required for a favorable course of postnatal immune adaptation. The identification of physiologically high amounts of S100-alarmins in neonates has been one of the crucial pieces in the puzzle that contributed to the change of concept. In this context, innate immune immaturity could be redefined and assigned to the epigenetic silence of adult-like cell-autonomous regulation at the beginning of life. S100-alarmins represent an alternative age-specific mechanism of immune regulation that protects neonates from hyperinflammatory immune responses. Here, we summarize how infants are provided with S100-alarmins and why these allow an uneventful clash between the innate immune system and the extrauterine world. The mode of action of S100-alarmins is highlighted including their tuning functions at multiple levels for establishing a state of homeostasis with the environment in the newborn individual.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.8
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available