Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 7, 2020
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages 351-370Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010320-072410
Keywords
plasmodesmata; tobacco mosaic virus; translatome; phloem signaling; vascular loading
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation Division of Integrative Organismal Systems [ISO-1644713]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Plant-Associated Microbes and Plant-Microbe Interactions Program [2015-67013-23004]
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For plant viruses, the ability to load into the vascular phloem and spread systemically within a host is an essential step in establishing a successful infection. However, access to the vascular phloem is highly regulated, representing a significant obstacle to virus loading, movement, and subsequent unloading into distal uninfected tissues. Recent studies indicate that during virus infection, phloem tissues are a source of significant transcriptional and translational alterations, with the number of virus-induced differentially expressed genes being four- to sixfold greater in phloem tissues than in surrounding nonphloem tissues. In addition, viruses target phloem-specific components as a means to promote their own systemic movement and disrupt host defense processes. Combined, these studies provide evidence that the vascular phloem plays a significant role in the mediation and control of host responses during infection and as such is a site of considerable modulation by the infecting virus. This review outlines the phloem responses and directed reprograming mechanisms that viruses employ to promote their movement through the vasculature.
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