Analysis of security and energy efficiency for shortest route discovery in low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol using Levenberg-Marquardt neural network and gated recurrent unit for intrusion detection system

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of a huge number of autonomous sensor nodes having capabilities such as sensing, processing, and manipulation. In any WSN, routing protocols are the backbone for performing all type tasks such as sensing, controlling, and transmission of packets in ubiquitous environment. In this article, a LEACH protocol with Levenberg-Marquardt neural network (LEACH-LMNN) is considered to analyze the overall network lifetime. The aim of LEACH-LMNN protocol comprises two parts: selection of cluster head node using LMNN approach and the second part is to locate the shortest path from the cluster-head node to base-station node adopting various route discovery algorithms, that is, breadth-first search, Bellman-Ford, and Dijkstra. The simulation result shows that the LEACH-LMNN protocol with the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm outperforms other route discovery algorithms. In addition to this, this work also analyzes normal and anomaly detection based on intrusion detection system in wireless sensor networks using gated mechanism, that is, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) in deep learning models. The proposed model achieves the highest detection rate of 97.84% for GRU and 97.85% for LSTM as well as improves the false positive rate (FPR) of 5.87% and 3.88% FPR for GRU and LSTM, respectively.

Automated summary

This article explores the selection of cluster head nodes and shortest path discovery algorithms in wireless sensor networks using the LEACH-LMNN protocol. The results show that the LEACH-LMNN protocol with the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm outperforms other route discovery algorithms. Additionally, using the gated mechanism of LSTM and GRU can achieve high detection rate and reduce false positive rate in intrusion detection systems for wireless sensor networks.