Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Wireless Bus Charging Stations Considering Costs and the Environmental Impact

In recent years, due to environmental concerns, there has been an increasing desire to develop alternative solutions to traditional energy sources. Since transportation is a significant fossil-fuel consumer, the development of electric vehicles, especially buses, has the potential to reduce fossil-fuel use and thus provide a better living environment. The aim of the current work was to develop an optimal allocation model for designing a system-wide network of wireless bus charging stations. The main advantages of wireless charging are the need for a much smaller battery and the fact that the charging process may occur under both static and dynamic (in-motion) conditions. The suggested approach consisted of a multi-objective model that selected the locations for the charging stations while (a) minimizing the costs, (b) maximizing the environmental benefit, and (c) minimizing the number of charging stations. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective non-linear optimization model with both deterministic and stochastic variations. An efficient genetic algorithm was introduced to solve the problem. A test case was used to demonstrate the model; accordingly, the decision-maker was provided with a solution set from which the best fit solution could be selected.