Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 2464-2475Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2956152
Keywords
Indexes; Robustness; Optimization; Uncertainty; Stochastic processes; Load flow; Scheduling; Active distribution network (ADN); distributed energy resources (DERs); flexibility; reserve provision capability (RPC) curve; reserve provision capability (RPC) area; scenario-based robust optimization; TSO; DSO interface
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Funding
- Swiss Centre for Competence in Energy Research on the Future Swiss Electrical Infrastructure through the Swissgrid
- Swiss Innovation Agency (Innosuisse-SCCER Program)
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Distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in active distribution networks (ADNs) can be exploited to provide both active and reactive power reserves to the upper-layer grid (i.e., sub-transmission and transmission systems) at their connection point. This paper introduces a method to determine the capability area of an ADN for the provision of both active and reactive power reserves while considering the forecast errors of loads and stochastic generation, as well as the operational constraints of the grid and DERs. The method leverages a linearized load flow model and introduces a set of linear scenario-based robust optimization problems to estimate the reserve provision capability (RPC) area of the ADN. It is proved that, under certain assumptions, the RPC area is convex. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a modified version of the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system.
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