Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 144, Issue -, Pages 2247-2256Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.115
Keywords
Setschenow equation; Hydrophobic organic compounds; Oil and gas; Brines; Solubility; Salting-out
Categories
Funding
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory under the RES [DE-FE0004000]
- Jared and Maureen Cohon Graduate Fellowship in Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Bradford and Diane Smith Fellowship in Engineering
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Treatment and reuse of brines, produced from energy extraction activities, requires aqueous solubility data for organic compounds in saline solutions. The presence of salts decreases the aqueous solubility of organic compounds (i.e. salting-out effect) and can be modeled using the Setschenow Equation, the validity of which has not been assessed in high salt concentrations. In this study, we used solid-phase microextraction to determine Setschenow constants for selected organic compounds in aqueous solutions up to 2-5 M NaCl, 1.5-2 M CaCl2, and in Na-Ca binary electrolyte solutions to assess additivity of the constants. These compounds exhibited log-linear behavior up to these high NaCl concentrations. Log-linear decreases in solubility with increasing salt concentration were observed up to 1.5-2 M CaCl2 for all compounds, and added to a sparse database of CaCl2 Setschenow constants. Setschenow constants were additive in binary electrolyte mixtures. New models to predict CaCl2 and KCl Setschenow constants from NaCl Setschenow constants were developed, which successfully predicted the solubility of the compounds measured in this study. Overall, data show that the Setschenow Equation is valid for a wide range of salinity conditions typically found in energy-related technologies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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