Journal
CHEMPLUSCHEM
Volume 85, Issue 5, Pages 948-957Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000203
Keywords
activatable photosensitizers; antitumor therapy; fluorescence; photodynamic therapy; singlet oxygen
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Photodynamic therapy is an alternative modality for the therapy of diseases such as cancer in a minimally invasive manner. The essential photosensitizer, which acts as a catalyst when absorbing light, converts oxygen into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species that ablate malignant cells through apoptosis and/or necrosis, destroy tumor microvasculature, and stimulate immunity. An activatable photosensitizer whose photoactivity could be turned on by a specific disease biomarker is capable of distinguishing healthy cells from diseased cells, thereby reducing off-target photodamage. In this Minireview, we highlight progress in activatable organic photosensitizers over the past five years, including: (i) biorthogonal activatable BODIPYs; (ii) activatable Se-rhodamine with single-cell resolution; (iii) silicon phthalocyanine targeting oxygen tension; (iv) general D-pi-A scaffolds; and (v) AIEgens. The potential challenges and opportunities for developing new types of activatable organic photosensitizers to overcome the hypoxia dilemmas of photodynamic therapy are discussed.
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