Journal
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages 1199-1204Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501379
Keywords
crystallization; hybrid perovskite; in-situ X-ray diffraction; methylammonium lead iodide; time-of-flight charge-carrier mobility
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Funding
- Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection
- Bavarian network Solar Technologies Go Hybrid
- DFG Excellence Cluster Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM)
- European Union through the award of a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01162525/1]
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State-of-the-art solar cells based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) now reach efficiencies over 20%. This fast improvement was possible with intensive research in perovskite processing. In particular, chloride-based precursors are known to have a positive influence on the crystallization of the perovskite. Here, we used a combination of in-situ X-ray diffraction and charge-transport measurements to understand the influence of chloride during perovskite crystallization in planar heterojunction solar cells. We show that MAPbCl(3) crystallizes directly after the deposition of the starting solution and acts as a template for the formation of MAPbI(3). Additionally, we show that the charge-carrier mobility doubles by extending the time for the template formation. Our results give a deeper understanding of the influence of chloride in the synthesis of MAPbI(3) and illustrate the importance of carefully controlling crystallization for reproducible, high-efficiency solar cells.
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