Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma13102294
Keywords
cellulose nanocrystals; cellulose derivatives; renewable materials; ionic liquid; actuators
Categories
Funding
- FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [UID/FIS/04650/2019, UID/QUI/50006/2019, PTDC/BTM-MAT/28237/2017, PTDC/EMD-EMD/28159/2017, PTDC/FIS-MAC/28157/2017]
- FCT [SFRH/BPD/121526/2016, SFRH/BD/148655/2019]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [MAT2016-76039-C4-3-R]
- Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK program
- Basque Government Industry Department under the HAZITEK program
- SGIker (UPV/EHU)
- SGIker (MICINN)
- SGIker (GV/EJ)
- SGIker (ERDF)
- SGIker (ESF)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/EMD-EMD/28159/2017, PTDC/BTM-MAT/28237/2017, SFRH/BD/148655/2019] Funding Source: FCT
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This study reports a versatile method for the development of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and water-soluble cellulose derivatives (methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC)) films comprising the ionic liquid (IL) 2-hydroxy-ethyl-trimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate ([Ch][DHP]) for actuator fabrication. The influence of the IL content on the morphology and physico-chemical properties of free-standing composite films was evaluated. Independently of the cellulose derivative, the ductility of the films increases upon [Ch][DHP] incorporation to yield elongation at break values of nearly 15%. An increase on the electrical conductivity as a result of the IL incorporation into cellulosic matrices is found. The actuator performance of composites was evaluated, NaCMC/[Ch][DHP] showing the maximum displacement along the x-axis of 9 mm at 8 Vpp. Based on the obtained high electromechanical actuation performance, together with their simple processability and renewable nature, the materials fabricated here represent a step forward in the development of sustainable soft actuators of high practical relevance.
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